As such, it affects the environment (and associated flora, fauna, and ecosystems), agriculture, society, hydro-power production, and geography of the subcontinent (like the availability of fresh water in water bodies and the underground water table), with all of these factors cumulatively contributing to the health of the economy of affected countries. [29] In negative dipole years, the reverse happens, making Indonesia much warmer and rainier. However, the huge landmass of the Himalayas restricts the low-pressure zone onto the Himalayas themselves. Monsoon hit the Kerala coast today after being delayed by a week commencing the four-month rainfall season in the country. This was because the runway of Calicut airport was flooded and visibility was less because of heavy rain. Conversely, low pressure over Darwin bodes well for precipitation quantity in India. The reduction in the summer monsoon rainfall have grave consequences over central India because at least 60% of the agriculture in this region is still largely rain-fed. Date: 8 July 2007: Source: Transferred from ml.wikipedia to Commons by Sreejithk2000 using CommonsHelper. The floods resulted in the death of at least 22 people. And Northeast monsoon, also known as the retreating monsoon, comes around October-November. Several theories have been proposed to explain the origin, process, strength, variability, distribution, and general vagaries of the monsoon, but understanding and predictability are still evolving. Southern oscillation, a phenomenon first observed by Sir Gilbert Thomas Walker, director general of observatories in India, refers to the seesaw relationship of atmospheric pressures between Tahiti and Darwin, Australia. On 8 August 2019, due to heavy rainfall in the Monsoon season, severe flood affected Kerala. The department has tried to forecast the monsoon for India since 1884,[41] and is the only official agency entrusted with making public forecasts about the quantity, distribution, and timing of the monsoon rains. These create areas of low air pressure above coastal lands compared with pressure over the seas, causing winds to flow from the seas onto the neighboring lands. The primary cause is believed to be the height of the Himalayas. Thus, the monsoon is one of the best periods for an escape to Kerala. [42], The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC) at Bengaluru facilitated the Seasonal Prediction of Indian Monsoon (SPIM) experiment on the PARAM Padma supercomputing system. The ITCZ migrates northward from the equatorial Atlantic in February, reaches western Africa on or near June 22, then moves back to the south by October. An orange alert was also issued for five districts. [29] When EQUINOO effects are factored in, certain failed forecasts, like the acute drought of 2002, can be further accounted for. The warm surface water moving toward the coast of Peru with El Niño is pushed west by the trade winds, thereby raising the temperature of the southern Pacific Ocean. Because of differences in the specific heat capacity of land and water, continents heat up faster than seas. [29] However, it was later discovered that, just like ENSO in the Pacific Ocean, a similar seesaw ocean-atmosphere system in the Indian Ocean was also in play. Since 1950s, the South Asian summer monsoon has been exhibiting large changes, especially in terms of droughts and floods. Places like Kerala and the Western Ghats get a large number of tourists, both local and foreigners, during the monsoon season. [34] This is primarily due to a weakening monsoon circulation as a result of the rapid warming in the Indian Ocean,[35][36] and changes in land use and land cover,[37] while the role of aerosols remain elusive. [12], The rainfall is a result of the convergence of wind flow from the Bay of Bengal and reverse winds from the South China Sea. It affects the Indian subcontinent, where it is one of the oldest and most anticipated weather phenomena and an economically important pattern every year from June through September, but it is only partly understood and notoriously difficult to predict. The average temperature remains between 20°C and 35°C and the rainfall ranges between 2250 and 2500 mm. Because of the lofty Himalayas, the westerly jet's movement is inhibited. English: Monsoon rain in Kerala. [49] The Southwest Monsoon that arrives in the month of June is called Edavappathy, as it comes in the middle of the month of Edavam on the Malayalam Calendar. On 7 August 2020, due to heavy rainfall in the monsoon season, severe floods affected Kerala, India. Most of the coastal rivers of Western India are also rain-fed and monsoon-dependent. geographical features of the Indian subcontinent, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Department of Science and Technology (DST), former governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Districtwise Drought Climatology Of The Southwest Monsoon Season over India Based on Standardized Precipitation Index, "India cheers as monsoon arrives; hopes of better farm output raised", "India cheers as monsoon arrives in Kerala", "IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007, Glossary", "Class 9 CBSE Geography Climate The Mechanism of Monsoons - Wiki", "Agronomic Measures in Dryland Agriculture: An Overview", "Budget must focus on Growth, Food Inflation, FDI, Govt B/s: G Chokkalingam", "Monsoon withdrawal dates on Map of India", "Met. Monsoon is a climate welcomed by all. They receive more than 11,000 millimeters of rain each from the monsoon. [49] About 49% of India's land is agricultural; that number rises to 55% if associated wetlands, dryland farming areas, etc., are included. Strength: The strength of the southwest monsoon is determined by the strength of the easterly tropical jet over central India. However, geophysical factors like Earth's orbit, its rotation, and its axial tilt cause these belts to shift gradually north and south, following the Sun's seasonal shifts. Despite progress in alternative forms of irrigation, agricultural dependence on the monsoon remains far from insignificant. These are the most monitored components of the monsoon, and they determine the water availability in India for any given year. The summer monsoon and the winter monsoon determine the climate for most of India and Southeast Asia and the Monsoon that hist Kerala in June for which the entire India waits for is the summer monsoon.The summer monsoon has been called Indias true finance minister and when the monsoon is late, the regions economy suffers. [12] In India monsoons create an entire season in which the winds reverse completely. A normal monsoon is generally accepted to be one involving close to the average quantity of precipitation over all the geographical locations under its influence (mean spatial distribution) and over the entire expected time period (mean temporal distribution). [51], D. Subbarao, former governor of the Reserve Bank of India, emphasized during a quarterly review of India's monetary policy that the lives of Indians depend on the performance of the monsoon. [4][5] The unique geographic relief features of the Indian subcontinent come into play in allowing all of the above factors to occur simultaneously. Kerala's State Disaster Management Authority, Kerala police along with the Indian Air Force, civilians, volunteers, fishermen from coastal Kerala are actively taking part in the rescue operations in flood-affected regions. As one of the tropical destination, Kerala is now at heavenly climate throughout this monsoon season. As a result, Kerala averages some 120–140 rainy days per year. [29] With a positive IOD, winds over the Indian Ocean blow from east to west. In some years, the rain quantity is sufficient but its timing arbitrary. Therefore, the agricultural calendar of India is governed by the monsoon. They give rise to slowly moving upper-air waves, with 250-knot winds in some air streams. [29] The relationship between extremes of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall, along with ENSO and EQUINOO,[32] have been studied, and models to better predict the quantity of monsoon rains have been statistically derived.[32]. Author: Devanshy at Malayalam Wikipedia: Licensing . The ITCZ, as the zone of lowest pressure in the tropical region, is the target destination for the trade winds of both hemispheres. Thus, Walker established the relationship between southern oscillation and quantities of monsoon rains in India. Onam Festivities Be part of the Onam festivities during your trip to Kerala . This results in the north-to-south flow of the winds in the form of the northeast monsoon. Now also, Monsoon is yet to mark its onset in Kerala. The Northern Limit of Monsoon (NLM) is currently passing through Shirali, Hassan, Mysuru, Kodaikanal, and Tuticorin.Moreover, conditions are now conducive for the further advancement of Southwest Monsoon into some more parts of South India and may even touch parts of Northeast … Kerala is one of the top destinations for tourists interested in Ayurvedic treatments and massage therapy. Alternating belts of high pressure and low pressure develop along the equator, the two tropics, the Arctic and Antarctic circles, and the two polar regions, giving rise to the trade winds, the westerlies, and the polar easterlies. Kerala's rains are mostly the result of seasonal monsoons. This makes the Arabian Sea (the western Indian Ocean near the African coast) much warmer and the eastern Indian Ocean around Indonesia colder and drier. Consequently, with the ITCZ at the Tropic of Cancer, the southeast trade winds of the Southern Hemisphere have to cross the equator to reach it. 483 osoby zginęły, a co najmniej 82 400 zostało uratowanych.. Powodzie. [5] The state is reeling under damage to property worth Rs 19,000 crore, death of people, livestock and heavy loss to agriculture, especially in Kuttanad, Alappuzha, also known as ‘Kerala’s Rice Bowl’ and the state has submitted a comprehensive plan to Central government to improve the disaster management capacity of the state. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic license. 2018 Kerala floods Date July 2018 (2018-07) – August 2018 Location Kerala, India Cause Low pressure Heavy rain Discharges Landslide Deaths 483 dead,140 went missing Property damage ₹ 400 billion (US$5.6 billion) (estimated) On 16 August 2018, severe floods affected the south Indian state Kerala, due to unusually high rainfall during the monsoon season. [22] There are some unique features of the rains that the monsoon brings to the Indian subcontinent. Canopy of Monsoon clouds..jpg 2,592 × 1,944; 325 KB Centre for monsoon studies - cochin university.JPG 4,752 × 3,168; 4.86 MB Chalakudy River anticipating the monsoons.jpg 5,184 × â€¦ The monsoon of South Asia is among several geographically distributed global monsoons. Kerala was also flooded in 2018 and 2019 . Its position as the sole authority on the monsoon was cemented in 2005[42] by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi. In summer, most of Kerala is prone to gale-force winds, storm surges, and torrential downpours accompanying dangerous cyclones coming in off the Indian Ocean. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. [14][15] Similarly, the burst of the northeast monsoon refers to an abrupt increase in the mean daily rainfall over the affected regions. However, invariably Monsoon arrives over the state before or after its normal onset date. This jet creates a low-pressure zone over the northern Indian plains, influencing the wind flow toward these plains and assisting the development of the southwest monsoon[clarification needed]. Any fluctuations in the time distribution, spatial distribution, or quantity of the monsoon rains may lead to floods or droughts, causing the agricultural sector to suffer. [39][40] Widespread extreme rainfall events are those rainfall events which are larger than 150 mm/day and spread over a region large enough to cause floods. [11][24][25] Its withdrawal from India typically starts at the beginning of September and finishes by the beginning of October. The dry, northeasterly trade winds, and their more extreme form, the harmattan, are interrupted by the northern s… Na początku sierpnia 2018 stan Kerala nawiedziły intensywne opady deszczu. Additionally, the arrival date and the departure date of both the southwest and northeast monsoon should be close to the mean dates. As part of humanitarian response from NGO's - IAG Kerala, RedR India and Sphere India conveyed a meeting on Palakkad for the preparedness and response plan with respect to the ongoing heavy rainfall situation and all districts Inter Agency Group (IAGs) are activated in the State on August 8th. The northward shift is not a slow and gradual process, as expected for most changes in weather pattern. There is a changing trend in Kerala tourism seen these days of Monsoon tourism. Timing: A timely northward shift of the subtropical westerly jet at the beginning of summer is critical to the onset of the southwest monsoon over India. Without them, the southwest monsoon winds would blow right over the Indian subcontinent into, For the northeast monsoon, the highlands of the, This page was last edited on 8 January 2021, at 10:29. This system was discovered in 1999 and named the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). [29], Ultimately, the southern oscillation was found to be simply an atmospheric component of the El Niño/La Niña effect, which happens in the ocean. With the onset of southwest monsoon from the month of June until September, Kerala enjoys a pleasant climate with its average temperature ranging between 19 to 30 degrees. This causes the flow of moisture-laden winds from sea to land. They follow the principle of geostrophic winds. Since the strength of the monsoon is partially dependent on the temperature difference between the ocean and the land, higher ocean temperatures in the Indian Ocean have weakened the moisture bearing winds from the ocean to the land. The economic significance of the monsoon is aptly described by Pranab Mukherjee's remark that the monsoon is the "real finance minister of India". 7. Kerala's average maximum daily temperature is around 37 °C; the minimum is 19.8 °C. Because more than half of these farmlands are rain-fed, the monsoon is critical to food sufficiency and quality of life. A short note on the monsoons in kerala is mentioned here. Change of direction or origin of winds alters their nomenclature as noted above. [49], The down side however is that when monsoon rains are weak, crop production is low leading to higher food prices with limited supply. India’s southern state of Kerala is suffering its worst monsoon flooding in a century, with more than one million people displaced, and more than 400 reported deaths in the past two weeks. [29] Therefore, in the context of the monsoon, the two together came to be known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effect. In 2003, IMD substantially changed its forecast methodology, model,[44] and administration. [Note 6] These pick up moisture while traveling from sea to land and cause orographic rain once they hit the highlands of the Indian Peninsula. However, the agriculture sector still contributes 17-20% of GDP[49] and is the largest employer in the country, with about 60% of Indians dependent on it for employment and livelihood. Take a journey to this historic destination with your loved ones , famously known for the song from Bombay movie. The temperatures range from a maximum of 29 to 23 degrees centigrade. [16], However, a rainy monsoon is not necessarily a normal monsoon – that is, one that performs close to statistical averages calculated over a long period. [Note 5] However, because of the Coriolis effect (which causes winds in the Northern Hemisphere to turn right, whereas winds in the Southern Hemisphere turn left), these southeast trade winds are deflected east in the Northern Hemisphere, transforming into southwest trades. A good monsoon results in better agricultural yields, which brings down prices of essential food commodities and reduces imports, thus reducing food inflation overall. Monsoon season in Kerala is a unique experience. After arriving slightly before time, Southwest Monsoon has now covered the entire state of Kerala. Szczególnie silne opady miały miejsce 8 sierpnia. A positive IOD index often negates the effect of ENSO, resulting in increased monsoon rains in years such as 1983, 1994, and 1997. To be in Kerala during the Onam festival is a delight. The Monsoon season in Kerala is indeed a heavenly spectacle as the whole of earth rejoices after being revived from the harsh summer spell. [12] One area that monsoons impact greatly is India. El Niño is a warm ocean current originating along the coast of Peru that replaces the usual cold Humboldt Current. This season ( Edavappathi - as the rains starts by the middle of the Malayalam month Edavam ) begins by the end of May or early June with the outset of the southwest monsoon winds. This pressure difference is because of the differences in solar insolation received at different latitudes and the resulting uneven heating of the planet. 11 z 14 dystryktów stanu zostało zalanych. Kerala to witness more pre-Monsoon rains March 16, 2017 12:48 PM | Skymet Weather Team Most parts of Kerala have been witnessing dry weather conditions in the month of February. The high temperature during the summer over the Tibetan Plateau, as well as over Central Asia in general, is believed to be the critical factor leading to the formation of the tropical easterly jet over India. But with continuous dropping pressure, sufficient force is created for the movement of the westerly jet across the Himalayas after a significant period. New Delhi: Kerala, one of the southernmost states of India that shares its coastline with the Arabian Sea, has experienced numerous floods in the past.Monsoon has wreaked havoc in ‘God’s Own Country’ for decades and what we see today is just another paradigm of nature’s fury. School Certificates Ruined In Flood, Kerala … Mawsynram and Cherrapunji, both in the Indian state of Meghalaya, alternate as the wettest places on Earth given the quantity of their rainfall,[48] though there are other cities with similar claims. Only part of the northeast monsoon passing over the Bay of Bengal picks up moisture, causing rain in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu during the winter months. It is a tropical land with, generally, pleasant climate. [29] Further, the two poles of the IOD – the eastern pole (around Indonesia) and the western pole (off the African coast) — independently and cumulatively affect the quantity of monsoon rains. Monsoon in Kerala. As such, the shift of the jet is sudden and abrupt, causing the bursting of southwest monsoon rains onto the Indian plains. A view of a flooded road after Monsoon rains in Kochi Kerala took lessons from 2018 floods, all set to manage any disaster this monsoon 3 min read. [50], The onset of the monsoon increases fungal and bacterial activity. According to this theory, during the summer months in the Northern Hemisphere, the ITCZ shifts north, pulling the southwest monsoon winds onto the land from the sea. In some years, it rains too much, causing floods in parts of India; in others, it rains too little or not at all, causing droughts. The normal onset date of Southwest Monsoon over Kerala is June 1. This causes the winds to blow over the Indian subcontinent toward the Indian Ocean in a northeasterly direction, causing the northeast monsoon. The reverse shift takes place for the northeast monsoon winds, leading to a second, minor burst of rainfall over the eastern Indian Peninsula during the Northern Hemisphere winter months. Rain is a heady concoction of emotions which has to be witnessed in all its grandeur. The relevant features in explaining the monsoon mechanism are as follows: Pink arrow: Southwest monsoon wind direction; green arrow: northeast monsoon wind direction. The monsoon turns large parts of India from semi-deserts into green grasslands. Alappuzha [29] A Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), based on the pressure difference between Tahiti and Darwin, has been formulated by the Bureau of Meteorology (Australia) to measure the strength of the oscillation. They also help confine it to the subcontinent. Because the southwest monsoon flows from sea to land, it carries more moisture, and therefore causes more rain, than the northeast monsoon. Third, they contribute to the convergence of the Bay of Bengal branch and Arabian Sea branch of the southwest monsoon winds, increasing the intensity of precipitation over the northern part of the subcontinent. Terminologies and Glossary - Monsoon", "Climate glossary - Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)", "Extremes of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall, ENSO and equatorial Indian Ocean oscillation", "Drying of Indian subcontinent by rapid Indian Ocean warming and a weakening land-sea thermal gradient", "The Curious Case of Indian Ocean Warming", "Warming Indian Ocean, weakening monsoon", "Weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall due to Changes in Land Use Land Cover", "A threefold rise in widespread extreme rain events over central India", "Seasonal prediction of the Indian monsoon", "Seasonal Prediction of Indian Monsoon(SPIM)", "IMD's new operational models for long-range forecast of southwest monsoon rainfall over India and their verification for 2003", "Man behind old monsoon model goes out quietly", "India needs indigenous monsoon model for better prediction, says IMD chief", "Cherrapunji no longer wettest Challenge comes from nearby village", "Monsoon affects economy, health in India", https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/monsoon-illnesses-in-india-all-you-need-to-know, Indian Meteorological Department Official Website, Monsoon On-Line, an Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India initiative, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monsoon_of_South_Asia&oldid=999073707, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The presence of abundant water bodies around the subcontinent: the, The presence of abundant highlands like the. Some examples are: Observed initially by sailors in the Arabian Sea[10] traveling between Africa, India, and Southeast Asia, the monsoon can be categorized into two branches based on their spread over the subcontinent: Alternatively, it can be categorized into two segments based on the direction of rain-bearing winds: Based on the time of year that these winds bring rain to India, the monsoon can also be categorized into two periods: The complexity of the monsoon of South Asia is not completely understood, making it difficult to accurately predict the quantity, timing, and geographic distribution of the accompanying precipitation. [50] As a result, the Indian government is actively working with farmers and the nation's meteorological department to produce more drought resistant crops. This is known as sea breeze. Updated: 10 Jun 2019, 08:06 AM IST Nidheesh M.K. 545 Relief Camps were opened by the Government of Kerala and 12121 inmates were admitted into these relief camps. [11], Monsoons typically occur in tropical areas. As the Tibetan Plateau heats up, the low pressure created over it pulls the westerly jet north. One major drawback of traveling during the monsoon is that most wildlife sanctuaries are closed. But with the advent of globalization, such travel is gaining popularity. Southwest monsoon, from June to August, is the main rainy season. Precipitation then occurs on the windward side of the highlands because of adiabatic cooling and condensation of the moist rising air. [2] As a security measure during the prevailing situation of heavy rains, the India Meteorological Department issued a red alert for the 3 districts of Wayanad, Kozhikkode and Idukki. India is known as land of festivals, Every next day there is a festival celebrated somewhere around the country. Monsoon In Kerala, IndiaKerala receives most of its rainfall in two distinguished monsoon seasons. Fourth, they are a major factor in the. The reverse condition is known as La Niña. An early shift results in an early monsoon. [Note 7]. South West Monsoon in Kerala : Southwest monsoon is the main rainy season in Kerala. An index to calculate it was also formulated. This results in the southwest monsoon. Meanwhile, there has been a three-fold rise in widespread extreme rainfall events during the years 1950 to 2015, over the entire central belt of India, leading to a steady rise in the number of flash floods with significant socioeconomic losses. Meanwhile, Monsoon rains may reduce marginally over Kerala and adjoining South Karnataka. According to this theory, the monsoon is a result of the shift of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) under the influence of the vertical sun. It is only when the Tibetan Plateau heats up significantly more than the Himalayas that the ITCZ rises abruptly and swiftly shifts north, leading to the bursting of monsoon rains over the Indian subcontinent. There have been books written and films made which showcase the beauty of the state during the season. On 7 August 2020, due to heavy rainfall in the monsoon season, severe floods affected Kerala , India. Monsoon clouds - panoramio.jpg 1,600 × 1,200; 349 KB Monsoon Clouds Over Kochi.jpg 1,029 × 683; 130 KB Rainbow - Kochi from top of a building 01.jpg 3,264 × 1,840; 2.25 MB See photos taken only three months apart in the Western Ghats. Although the southwest and northeast monsoon winds are seasonally reversible, they do cause precipitation on their own. About Monsoon in Kerala! The effect is known to have a pronounced influence on the strength of the southwest monsoon over India, with the monsoon being weak (causing droughts) during El Niño years, while La Niña years bring particularly strong monsoons.[29]. This shift is due to the intense heating of the plateau during the summer months. All of these factors have positive ripple effects throughout the economy of India. Monsoon rains are likely to hit the southern Kerala coast in two days, a top weather official said on Monday, easing concerns about the onset delay threatening plantings of … The reverse shift happens for the northeast monsoon. [6], The unnatural increase in rainfall was caused by a monsoon surge, which was aided by a strong Somali Current or Somali Jet and a low-pressure on the Bay of Bengal which dragged strong monsoon winds towards the Western Coast of India. However, many meteorologists argue that the monsoon is not a local phenomenon as explained by the traditional theory, but a general weather phenomenon along the entire tropical zone of Earth. [33] The observed monsoon rainfall indicates a gradual decline over central India, with a reduction of up to 10%. With around 120–140 rainy days per year,: 80 Kerala has a wet and maritime tropical climate influenced by the seasonal heavy rains of the southwest summer monsoon and northeast winter monsoon. Though the normal rainfall for Kerala for the entire month of August is only 427mm, the state received 476mm in the first ten days of August itself.[7]. First observed by World War II pilots, they develop just below the tropopause over areas of steep pressure gradient on the surface. Recent trends in average annual precipitation from monsoons. [13], The onset of the monsoon occurs over the Bay of Bengal in May,[13] arriving at the Indian Peninsula by June,[12] and then the winds move towards the South China Sea.[13]. This is the southwest monsoon. The unique geographical features of the Indian subcontinent, along with associated atmospheric, oceanic, and geophysical factors, influence the behavior of the monsoon. One major drawback of traveling during the monsoon is that most wildlife sanctuaries are closed. As a security measure in the prevailing situation of heavy rains, the India Meteorological Department had issued Red alert in the 9 districts in Northern and Central Kerala, orange alert in 3 districts of Central Kerala, and yellow alert in the 2 districts of southern Kerala. As such, during the northern summer (May and June), the ITCZ moves north, along with the vertical sun, toward the Tropic of Cancer. The jet stream theory also explains the variability in timing and strength of the monsoon. Between the two monsoon seasons, the temperature remains cool in most parts of Kerala. [159] This is the absolute destination to enjoy Monsoon in Kerala. Powodzie w Kerali – klęska żywiołowa powodzi, która nawiedziła Keralę, stan w południowo-zachodnich Indiach, w sierpniu 2018 roku. [38] Future changes in the monsoon will depend on a competition between land and ocean—on which is warming faster than the other. Orographic barriers force wind to rise. Despite decreased rains, light to moderate rain with one or two heavy spells will continue during the next few days over Coastal Karnataka and Kerala. The floods resulted in the death of at least 22 people. [citation needed], Seasonal Prediction of Indian Monsoon (SPIM), The name of the wind is based on the direction that it blows, First, the Himalayas serve as orographic barriers to the southwest monsoon winds. The mechanism affecting the monsoon is that the westerly jet causes high pressure over northern parts of the subcontinent during the winter. Is indeed a heavenly spectacle as the retreating monsoon, and they determine the water availability India! Rain showers geographic distribution of the vertical sun, this jet shifts north, too of land and water continents. Of globalization, such travel is gaining popularity a major factor in the.. In nature, depending primarily on the windward side of the monsoon season discovered in 1999 and named the Ocean... 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